Advanced Plasma Technology

Hybrid Equilibrium & Non-Equilibrium Plasma Systems

Combining equilibrium and non-equilibrium plasma states for maximum efficiency in atmospheric nitrogen fixation and reactive species generation

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Hybrid Plasma Technology

Revolutionizing agriculture through cutting-edge plasma activated water systems. Our hybrid plasma technology achieves direct nitrogen fixation from atmospheric air with unprecedented energy efficiency of 200g N₂ per kWh, creating sustainable liquid fertilizers through electromagnetic plasma-chemical synthesis.

Revolutionary Plasma-Chemical Synthesis

Our breakthrough hybrid plasma system operates through the Extended Zeldovich mechanism, utilizing both equilibrium (arc) and non-equilibrium plasma states simultaneously. The electrical discharge occurs directly on air bubble surfaces within flowing water, creating a unique plasma-liquid interface that maximizes reactive oxygen-nitrogen species (RONS) production while minimizing energy consumption.

Hybrid Plasma Architecture

Combines equilibrium plasma (high energy density) with non-equilibrium plasma (selective molecular activation) in a single reactor system. The discharge channel creates a non-equilibrium sheath hundreds of times larger than the arc core, optimizing plasma-chemical reactions.

  • Bipolar pulse operation at 20 kHz
  • 4000V amplitude with rapid voltage rise
  • Pulsating discharge combustion mode
  • Plasma volume expansion by orders of magnitude
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Extended Zeldovich Mechanism

Employs advanced plasma-chemical synthesis based on the Extended Zeldovich mechanism for NOₓ formation. The process includes termolecular reactions with OH radicals, significantly enhanced by Co₃O₄ electrocatalytic activity.

  • N₂ + O ⇌ NO + N (primary pathway)
  • N + O₂ ⇌ NO + O (chain reaction)
  • N + OH ⇌ NO + H (radical termination)
  • Enhanced hydroxyl radical formation
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Direct Water Activation

Plasma discharge occurs directly at the gas-liquid interface on air bubble surfaces, creating maximum contact area for RONS formation. Long-lived species survive phase transition while short-lived radicals react immediately.

  • NO₃⁻ concentrations up to 500 mg/L
  • H₂O₂ formation via OH• recombination
  • O₃ generation through oxygen activation
  • Stable RONS retention for days
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Electromagnetic Field Effects

High-frequency electromagnetic fields (20 kHz) induce selective vibrational excitation of N₂ molecules, reducing energy barriers for dissociation. The resonant inverter system ensures optimal energy coupling efficiency.

  • Selective molecular vibrational excitation
  • Reduced N₂ dissociation energy barriers
  • Enhanced electron-impact cross-sections
  • Resonant frequency optimization
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Bioactive RONS Formation

Produces comprehensive spectrum of bioactive compounds including nitrates, nitrites, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone. These species enhance plant metabolism, improve nutrient uptake, and activate natural defense mechanisms.

  • NO₃⁻: Primary nitrogen source for plants
  • NO₂⁻: Metabolic signaling molecule
  • H₂O₂: Growth stimulant and antimicrobial
  • O₃: Pathogen control and seed activation
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Energy Recovery System

Integrated recuperative cooling-heating system with internal heat exchanger maximizes energy efficiency. Gas-water separation with NO oxidation to NO₂ via ozone injection ensures complete nitrogen recovery.

  • Internal heat exchanger integration
  • Gas-water separation optimization
  • NO → NO₂ oxidation via O₃
  • Energy consumption: 0.7 MJ/mol-N⁻¹

Plasma-Chemical Process Flow

Advanced multi-stage process for efficient atmospheric nitrogen fixation and plasma activated water production

1
Air-Water Mixing
Controlled air injection creates bubble stream in flowing water. Optimal gas-liquid interface maximizes plasma contact area.
2
Hybrid Plasma Generation
20 kHz bipolar pulses create arc discharge on bubble surfaces. Rapid voltage rise ensures stable plasma across varying conductivity.
3
Molecular Dissociation
High-energy electrons dissociate N₂, O₂, and H₂O molecules. Extended Zeldovich mechanism drives NOₓ formation.
4
RONS Formation
Radical recombination creates stable RONS. Long-lived species dissolve while short-lived radicals react immediately.
5
Gas Processing
Exhaust NO oxidized to NO₂ via ozone injection. Gas-water separation ensures complete nitrogen recovery.
6
PAW Production
Final product contains 200-500 mg/L nitrates, hydrogen peroxide, and other bioactive compounds ready for agricultural application.

System Specifications

Engineered for maximum efficiency and scalable deployment in agricultural environments

Technical Parameter Specification
Electrical Power10 kW (scalable to 100 kW)
Operating Frequency20 kHz ± 0.5 kHz
Voltage Amplitude4000 V (bipolar pulses)
Water Processing Rate2 t/h (scalable to 20 t/h)
Air Consumption5 m³/h maximum
Energy Efficiency0.7 MJ/mol-N⁻¹
Nitrogen Fixation Rate200 g N₂ per kWh
System Dimensions0.7 × 0.7 × 1.5 m
Total Weight150 kg
Operating Temperature5°C to 45°C

Performance Metrics

NO₃⁻ Production Rate 6 mol/h (0.4 kg/h)
NO₃⁻ Concentration 500 mg/L maximum
H₂O₂ Concentration 0.1-1.3 mg/L
System Efficiency 95% nitrogen recovery
Energy Conversion 85% electrical efficiency
Operational Uptime >99% reliability
RONS Stability 72+ hours storage

Agricultural Applications

Comprehensive solutions for sustainable agriculture and enhanced crop productivity

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Seed Treatment & Germination

PAW treatment increases water uptake rates by 20-40% in seeds. Enhanced germination rates observed in radish (59.9%), alfalfa (147%), and pea (147.7%) compared to conventional water treatment.

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Irrigation Enhancement

Direct application as irrigation water provides bioavailable nitrogen without soil processing delays. Reduces fertilizer dependency while maintaining optimal plant nutrition levels.

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Foliar Application

Spray application increases chlorophyll content and reduces degradation by 10-15%. Enhanced electrical capacity of roots and improved nutrient uptake efficiency.

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Hydroponic Systems

Organic-compliant nitrogen source for soilless cultivation. USDA organic greenhouse trials show 25% yield improvement in tomato production compared to conventional methods.

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Plant Protection

RONS compounds provide natural antimicrobial activity. Reduces pathogen pressure while activating plant defense mechanisms without chemical pesticide residues.

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Research Applications

Controlled RONS concentration allows precise study of plant responses. Enables development of optimized treatment protocols for specific crop varieties and growth stages.

Transform Your Agricultural Operations

Partner with Plasma Systems to implement cutting-edge plasma technology for sustainable nitrogen fixation. Our engineering team provides comprehensive support from system design to field deployment, ensuring optimal performance for your specific agricultural requirements.

info@plasma-systems.com